Starch 1kg potato

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Potato starch is starch extracted from potatoes. The cells of the root tubers of the potato plant contain leucoplasts (starch grains). To extract it, the potatoes are crushed, and the grains are released from the destroyed cells. It is then left to settle out of solution or separated by hydrocyclones, then dried to powder.

Potato starch contains typical large oval spherical granules ranging in size from 5 to 100 μm. It is a refined product, containing minimal protein or fat. This gives the powder a clear white colour, and the cooked starch typical characteristics of neutral taste, good clarity, high binding strength, long texture, and minimal tendency to foaming or yellowing of the solution.

Potato starch contains approximately 800 ppm phosphate bound to it; this increases the viscosity and gives the solution a slightly anionic character, a low gelatinisation temperature of approximately 60 °C (140 °F), and high swelling power.

These properties are used in food and technical applications.

Use

Moreover, its derivatives are used in many cooking recipes, for example in noodles, wine gums, cocktail nuts, potato chips, hot dog sausages, bakery cream and instant soups and sauces, in gluten-free recipes, in kosher foods for Passover and in Asian cuisine. In pastry, e.g. sponge cake, it is used to keep the cake moist and give a soft texture. It is also occasionally used in the preparation of pre-packed grated cheese, to reduce sweating and binding.^{[citation needed]}

Other examples are helmipuuro, a porridge made from monodisperse grains of potato starch and milk, and papeda (the Moluccan community in the Netherlands uses potato starch to make papeda). It is also used in non-food applications as wallpaper adhesive, for textile finishing and textile sizing, in paper coating and sizing, and as an adhesive in paper sacks and gummed tape.^{[citation needed]}

Potato starch was also used in one of the earlier color photography processes, the Lumière brothers‘ Autochrome Lumière, until the arrival of other colour film processes in the mid-1930s.

Potato varieties

Many types of potatoes are grown for the production of it. Potato varieties with high content and high yields are selected. Recently, a new type of potato plant was developed that only contains one type of starch molecule: amylopectin, the waxy potato starch. Waxy starches, after starch gelatinisation, retrograde less during storage.^{[citation needed]}

The cultivation of potatoes mainly takes place in Germany, the Netherlands, China, Japan, France, Denmark, and Poland. Also in Sweden, Finland, Austria, the Czech Republic, Ukraine, Canada, and India.^{[citation needed]}

Some potato starch is also produced as a byproduct from the potato processing industry, recovered from the potato cutting circuit during the production of French fries and potato chips.

Identification

Examined under a microscope using a mixture of equal volumes of glycerol and distilled water. It is transparent, colorless granules, either irregularly shaped, ovoid or pear-shaped, usually 30 μm to 100 μm in size but occasionally exceeding 100 μm, or rounded, 10 μm to 35 μm in size. Also, its granules exhibit characteristic dark crosses in polarized light. If potato starch is wetted it becomes sticky.